The measurement of multidimensional poverty in 22 districts of Tehran is the main goal of this research. Studying human deprivation regarding basic needs i.e. health, nutrition, education and political freedom seems essential due to existing shortcomings of income-based poverty measurement approach. Here, we measure multidimensional poverty in terms of four attributes (income, housing, education and public health) using information theory approach developed by Maasoumi and Logo (2006) model. First, we calculate single-dimensional poverty based on each attribute. Then, according to difference in levels of substitutability among attributes we measure the absolute poverty using aggregate poverty line approach. The results show that the poorest districts of Tehran are district 19 in terms of income approach and districts 19 and 17 in terms of education and housing, respectively. The worst situation regarding public health belongs to district 16. The highest and the lowest multidimensional poverty rate were observed in districts 4 and 1 respectively. Furthermore, if substitution coefficient among attributes increases, then the multidimensional poverty rate will decrease. About 63 percent of Tehran population is of relative deprivation.

The aim of this paper is investigation an analysis poverty line measurement and determination in Yazd province and presents poverty-eradication policies. The descriptive analytic methodology is used. According to this study, the proportion of the 10 percent of the richest to the 10 percent of the poorest in urban and rural areas is 11.04 and 18.16 respectively. These proportions are 15.5 and 13.4 respectively for the whole country. Statistics show that distribution of income in urban and rural societies of Yazd province is better in comparison with of whole country. About 37 percent in urban society and 24.6 percent in rural society of Yazd province live under poverty line. Results of Tiasen and Kakavani models also indicate that if above poverty line in urban and rural areas give 5.6 and 1.9 percent of their expenses to under poverty line of urban and rural areas respectively, all living under poverty line will close to poverty line. In addition to above mentioned solution, using negative income tax policies, developing production properties of groups, transformation in income distribution and improvement of job opportunities can reduce poverty and inequality. Otherwise, not only pover and unequality doesn't decrease but also it became deeper and greater.

In many real application of DEA, the model presented, are designed to obtain an aggregatete efficiency score. However there are situations that the decision making units can be separated into different components in which each component consumes inputs to produce outputs. In this case some of inputs are shared among components. In this paper, we present a DEA-like to determine the aggregate efficiency of decision making units a companying with component measure.

This paper estimates food poverty line for urban and rural area of Eastern Azarbaijan province of Iran using Income and Expenditure Survey data for 1995. It also calculates some of the main poverty indexes. Using a Linear Expenditure System of demand, price and income elasticities for household main expenditure groups are estimated. Although the poverty gap index, traditionally provide an estimate of resources needed to eradicate poverty, the study of households consumption demand indicates that poor households often allocate a small fraction of their income to food expenditures. Therefore, eradication of food poverty is far more difficult and costly than the poverty in money term.

Considering the importance of poverty in economic development issues and the necessity to study in this field the purpose of this paper is to estimate poverty line in Khuzestan province from 1997 to 2006. Therefore, by calculation of food matrix, the amount of received energy in different deciles has been measured and then the absolute poverty line for urban and rural areas based on calories has been estimated. The results revealed that during the mentioned period, absolute poverty line both in urban and rural areas has increased, but the increase in urban areas is more than the increase in rural areas.

Poverty alleviation is a key policy debate in recent development literature. The elaboration of policies for poverty alleviation requires a thorough knowledge of the poverty phenomenon as well as an understanding of the efficiency of implemented programs. The study used primary data from the Household Survey of 2003 carried out by the Statistics Center of Iran which covers 12175 rural and 10951 urban households. Food poverty line and total poverty line were estimated using Food Energy Intake Method and nonparametric regressions in rural and urban sectors in Iran. In addition, poverty and its determinants in Iran were investigated by probit model. Results indicated that poverty in rural areas was more widespread when compared to that of urban areas. Household size and number of employed persons in the households were among the most important determinants of poverty in Iran.

Poverty issue especially, food poverty is one of the important problems in society. The awareness of amount and depth of nutrition poverty is important for solving this problem. Therefore, in this study food subsistence (food poverty line) for Iranian urban households in the period 1988-2012 was investigated with utilization of MAIDADS system. The results showed that the nutritional poverty line (monthly) has increasing trend in the aforesaid period. So that, it increased from 74851 Rail in year 1988 to 6882346 Rail in 2012, but its growth rate was not monotonic. The food inflation is the most important reason for increasing of food poverty line in this period consequently they must restrain the inflation.

In this study, first we estimated the poverty line of household and poverty indices in rural areas between1999 to 2004. Stochastic dominance test is applied to compare the extent of poverty in the beginning year and the end year of third- socio economic development plan of Iran. The most important feature of this technique is providing comparative comparison of poverty in two years or different period. The results show that during these years the rural poverty line based on reciprocal of engel’s coefficient method has been greater than other relative poverty lines. Poverty lines were increasing in rural areas based on all of measuring poverty methods. Poverty gap and poverty intensity has been alleviated in rural areas. Besides, by using the stochastic dominance test, variation of poverty was tested and the results show the decreasing of poverty in rural areas of Isfahan province during the studied period. This may indicate that the poverty alleviation policies in the third plan have been promising.

In this article, the Poverty Line in urban and rural is estimated according to four methods during the years (1984-2000) as follows: a) needing for Calorie, b) the percentage of family average income, c) the average of family expenses, and d) the parasite inverted indices. The results point to this fact that Poverty is not a fixed external phenomenon and to some extent relies on the researcher's definition and attitude towards poverty and the variables used for assessment that totally will lead to different values and search of poverty. The findings of this article indicate to this fact that urban poverty line steadily placed in a higher rank than rural poverty line, and the poverty line based on the smaller in concept is a relative definition of poverty line. he vast amount of urban and rural poverty lies on parasite inverted indices.